The Nature Of Man And The Purpose Of Government - 887 Words

Evelyn Koutsoudis September 21, 2014 Mr. Kramer AP Government The Nature of Man and The Purpose of Government Hobbes said, â€Å"†¦ the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short†¦the condition of man†¦is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.† In other words the nature of man is evil without any civil government. To save Britain merchants from an economic deficit, Parliament passed the Tea Act, granting a monopoly to the financially strapped East India Company to sell the tea that is imported from Britain. The company was allowed to conduct business with colonial merchants who were loyal to the crown, and thereby hurting the colonist by undercutting them, who could only sell tea imported from other nations. The purpose of this was to drive down the price of tea, so that the colonial merchants were forced to buy tea at the higher prices from another source. This made the colonist upset so when the next shipment of tea arrived in Boston Harbor, the colonist decided to throw a â€Å"Boston Tea Party†. This â€Å"Boston Tea Party† was an act of protest in which the colonist threw the British tea into the Boston Harbor. (34) This was the spark that ignited the colonists to decide to go to â€Å"war† with the English Government. As a result, the actions taken by both sides were fueled out of spite, and revenge. John Locke said, â€Å"†¦ the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it devolves to the people, who have a right to resume theirShow MoreRelatedModern Liberalism and Political Policies1337 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies and theories each differ from one another’s, but these three philosophers have all staked their claims as to what man would be like, prior to the formation of the state. This is the State of Nature. Their notions on the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. These three philosophers also examine the purpose and function of the government to individuals of the state. Modern liberalism is the philosophical standpoint for an increase in social progress. Jean JacquesRead MoreGeorge Hobbes And Locke s Theories On Government, Human Nature, And Natural Law1661 Words   |  7 Pagestheir proximity to one another and because of their similar nature. For instance, I wrote about Basque and Catalonian independence in Spain. While it may be apt to say that they are the same for a number of reasons. They were inherently different because of the small details that change their trajectory to land close to each other but not in the same place. Much is the same when comparing Hobbes’ and Locke’s theories on government, human nature, and natural law. Both may come to the same conclusion aboutRead MoreLocke And Rousseau s Natural State Of Nature1252 Words   |  6 PagesRousseau describe the natural state of man as being innately free, although their opinions on freedom differ. In Second Treatise of Government, Locke depicts man as being naturally f ree because he believes that, in nature, we are able to do as we please and every person is equal. Rousseau describes the natural man as being free from the corruption and desires that society forces onto man. Locke and Rousseau agree that the best state is the freest, and that the purpose of a social contract ought to be toRead MoreThomas Hobbes and John Locke Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages he believed that a rational purpose to government did exist defending the government as an institution. Locke insisted that not only did a good government care for the well being of it public but the well being of the government to. He believed in gradual social reform and the change in laws rather than revolution. And that we would live in a state of harmony. Locke believed that all men had friendly nature and would do no harm. And that man had to learn for experiencesRead MoreJohn Locke : The Limitations Of Government And The Natural State1475 Words   |  6 Pages John Locke: The Limitations of Government and the Natural State Brandon Lee 10/31/17 Outline Submit for: Political Theory (Govt 251) Fall 2017 Professor Lindskog I. John Locke had been influential in the American governmental system. His ideas outlined in the Second Treatise on Government, dramatically influenced the America revolution and the formation of the United States Declaration of Independence. Modern democracy can thank Locke for his ideas on equal rights, separationRead MoreLocke, Hobbes, Aquinas, and Machiavell Theory on Self-Defense and Governance1548 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical theory in that it illustrates a theorist’s presumptions regarding human nature and interaction, which extrapolates into how humans need to be governed. John Locke wrote The Second Treatise of Government during a period of instability in England. The purpose was to refute popular ideas that â€Å"[asserted] the divine authority of kings and [denied] any right of resistance† and make the case for limited government (Locke, vii). At the very foundation of Locke’s political theory is a conflictRead MoreAristotle and John Locke on Nature and Purpose of a Political Community1302 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and John Locke’s nature and purpose of a political community has given me a new insight. I learned that, even though the political community is responsible to provide security, its main purpose is aimed for the highest good of all its citizens, which is virtue and happiness. While some differences between Aristotle and John Locke’s nature and purpose of a political community are obvious, the similarities are noticeable. According to Aristotle, the nature and purpose of a political communityRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature and the state of war. As it is described, the state of nature explains how men were made equal in the facultiesRead MoreWhat Does Political Legitimacy Of The State Of Nature?921 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature and the state of war. As it is described, the state of nature refers to how men were made equal in the facultiesRead MoreHobbes And Rousseau On The Social Contract Theory1625 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives on society and human nature. Hobbes and Rousseau have significant similarities and differences in their similarities conceptions regarding the social contract theory. Hobbes argues that man naturally desires security and order. It is the quest for security and preservation, as well as the need to avoid pain and misery that made man to get into a contract. Self-preservation and protection are widespread in the nature of man and in an attempt to achieve it, man voluntarily surrendered all his

Is Homosexuality Morally Or Immoral - 906 Words

Homosexuality has in recent times being the topic of much heated debate. Simple opinion has divided the line between many and conclude those that stand for traditional values and those who take a progressive stance in civil rights. While the nation has become a buzz of opinions and perspectives, many arguments that have been made have been exaggerated and slandered to the extent that they are no more than myths that have been left off of a leash unchecked. Ultimately, there is nothing inherently wrong with homosexuality, and despite even the best arguments made against the principle, little carry any weight. Many people look at homosexuals and see people that they are uncomfortable with and jump to irrational conclusions, claiming that the concept is unnatural or immoral. A simple argument can be made that homosexuals cannot reproduce, and therefore should be expelled from any kind of societal recognition. However, what concisely makes the inability to reproduce a negative factor in homosexuality? The inability to procreate may stem the ability to produce a child between a couple, however, it creates the possibility for adoption. Thusly, it would serve to both take a child out of a foster home, making one less crowded and taking less a toll on the inhabitants that reside there, as well as providing a loving home for a child whom may need one. Inherently, a large population of people who do not reproduce may stall, if not solve, the growing issue of worldShow MoreRelatedIs Homosexuality Morally Or Immoral?915 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality has in recent times asserted the p osition of being a topic of much heated debate. Simple opinion has divided the line between many and conclude those that stand for traditional values and those who take a progressive stance in civil rights. While the nation has become a buzz of opinions and perspectives, many arguments that have been made have been exaggerated and slandered to the extent that they are no more than myths that have been left off of a leash unchecked. Ultimately, thereRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Existence Of God1470 Words   |  6 Pagesmany years homosexuality has been a debate over acceptance but has been for the most part considered an immoral act based on religious beliefs and the obligation to obey God’s commandments. These views on homosexuality can relate to the Divine Command Theory because morality is dependent upon the actions God commands us to do. There is however controversy with the Divine Command Theory that argues that morality may not be what God says it is therefore, the basi s of homosexuality being immoral and moralRead MoreThe Moral View Of Homosexuality1708 Words   |  7 Pagesargument of homosexuality being considered moral or immoral has been an argument for as long as humans have been in existence. This argument has been viewed by philological experts and people all over the world for centuries and it continues to be a major argument today. The moral view of homosexuality has many arguments, but the arguments that are going to be mentioned are the normative ethics argument, the argument on why the moral law is true when it comes to homosexuality, and why homosexuality shouldRead MoreIs Feminism a Harmful Ideology Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pages(1) Is it immoral to infringe upon individual liberty (even if some other good can come of it)? (2) Is it immoral to discriminate based on sex (even if there are innate differences, which are relevant to the situation)? What makes these distinctly moral issues, as opposed to legal, religious, or socio-political issues? These are distinctly moral issues for a few reasons. First, answers to these questions require normative statements (yes it is immoral, or no it isnt immoral to infringe†¦)Read MoreHomosexuality Paper -Philosophy1526 Words   |  7 PagesIs Homosexuality Right Or Wrong? by Nazha Gali My topic is homosexuality and the natural law theory. The natural law theory, which was founded by Aquinas, rests on a certain view that the world has a rational order with values and purposes built into its very nature. And since homosexuality is against the orders of nature, the natural law theory totally condemns it. I disagree with this point of view because I choose not to judge homosexuals but instead I accept them as members of our society.Read MoreKant and Sexual Morality1383 Words   |  6 PagesGerman Philosopher Immanuel Kant claimed that it is morally wrong to use a person merely as a means to your end. This judgement helps us to understand and determined sexual morality. Thomas A. Mappes supports Kant’s claims and helps to further explain Kant’s statement by defining it and introducing the idea that one must give their voluntary informed consent in order for certain actions to be moral. Mappes also illustrates that voluntary informed consent can be undermi ned through both deception andRead MoreKant and Sexual Morality1394 Words   |  6 PagesGerman Philosopher Immanuel Kant claimed that it is morally wrong to use a person merely as a means to your end. This judgement helps us to understand and determined sexual morality. Thomas A. Mappes supports Kant’s claims and helps to further explain Kant’s statement by defining it and introducing the idea that one must give their voluntary informed consent in order for certain actions to be moral. Mappes also illustrates that voluntary informed consent can be undermined through both deception andRead MoreHomosexuality Is A Form Of Emotional, Romantic, And Sexual Attraction858 Words   |  4 PagesAs one of the many sexual orientations, homosexuality is a form of emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction that is primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex. Homosexuality is a fairly recent phenomenon in the twenty-first century; in fact, this sexual orientation has signif icantly increased but there is no precise way to estimate the exact numbers due to people not openly identifying as such due to homophobia (which, in everyday use, is the fear of homosexuals) and homobigotry (intoleranceRead MoreEssay about Jewish Sexual Ethics1295 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which can be attributed to the framework that is outlined through the strong ethics that they uphold. Sexual ethics provide guidance on how to behave morally, righteously and in accordance to the Torah as well as preventing promiscuity, infidelity, immoralityRead MoreEthics of Homosexuality857 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Homosexuality Homosexuality has always been a controversial topic of ethical discussion. The morality of the subject depends completely upon a person’s views. A person is often swayed one way or another and religion often plays a very large role on the subject. There are those who believe in the divine command theory and those who believe in the natural law theory. In order to properly understand either theory it is important to know the meaning behind each. According to

Adultery in Madame Bovary vs Story of Zahra Free Essays

Adultery committed by women in many societies is considered a sin as well as an act of betrayal towards their families and towards their husbands. In Flaubert’s ‘Madame Bovary’ and al- Shaykh’s ‘The Story of Zahra’ both the protagonists, Emma and Zahra, commit adultery in order to run away from harsh realities of their lives. Emma commits adultery in order to escape the boredom of married life with her husband Charles as well as to seek true love which can only be found in the fantasy novels she has read. We will write a custom essay sample on Adultery in Madame Bovary vs Story of Zahra or any similar topic only for you Order Now Zahra, on the other hand, commits adultery in order to forget her turbulent years of childhood, to deal with the ongoing inertia of her life and to flee the harsh realities of the ongoing civil war. However the impact it has on both the protagonist and the people around them are quite different which reveals their contrasting personalities as well as the distinctive societies they live in. One of the most important aspects of adultery committed by Emma and Zahra is what impact it has on themselves. Mesmerized by her lover Rodolphe, even though she is married to Charles, Emma decides to have an affair with him. Her thoughts during their intimacy were â€Å"she reveled in it without remorse, without disquiet, without anxiety†. This shows that her act of betrayal has not affected her one bit. In fact, she believes that her adulterous ways has made her lifelong dream come true; not to mention that it has also made her distorted vision of love and happiness come true. She never spoke of marriage to her lover and we see no sign of Rodolphe taking care of her. Emma received bliss from her adulteries with Rodolphe which shows her selfishness as well as her inability to care for her husband. Furthermore, once Emma started an affair with Rodolphe, the relationship between these two becomes stronger than ever and which results in them becoming inseparable lovers. However, she fails to realize that she has been manipulated for her lover’s personal gains and this leads her to a path of self-destructiveness. Although found in a similar situation, the impact it has on Zahra differs entirely. Dealing with a very turbulent childhood, where she witnessed as well as experienced her father’s brutality, she falls in love with a married man, Malek. As time progresses, the relationship between them grows stronger. Their relationship comes to a stage where the thought of marriage arises. As Zahra says very little during their relationship, his refusal to marry her had little effect on it. Her thoughts after having committed infidelities with him were â€Å"I thought I could influence him; that was my delusion. He would lift my skirt casually, not even bothering to undress me completely before making love to me. All at once I would be filled with disgust and contempt. † Unlike Emma, Zahra actually loved her aficionado and even asked him to marry her. This shows her attachment towards him and how much she cared for him even though he married to another woman. However, once Zahra started committing adultery with him, her attitude towards him changes radically. She realizes that he does not love her at all and deceives her into having sex with her by explaining how women should be treated equally to men whilst penetrating her virginity. The adulteries committed by the protagonists of these two novels not only have an impact on them, but it has also impacted their husbands with whom they vowed to cherish the rest of their lives with. Emma kept her adulteries with other men so secretive that it was not until her death when her husband, Charles, would find out about her infidelities. He would one day stumble across the letters from Rodolphe. After reading them, he would reflect on what was written to himself â€Å"He endeavored, however, to bring himself into a devotional frame of mind, to buoy himself up with hope of a future life, in which he would see her again†. This demonstrates that even though Emma had deceived him during their marriage, he still loved her and even wanted to spend another lifetime with her. The letters do have a big impact on him as he lives and dies in seclusion during the latter years of his life, but the fact that during his last days he lives his life the way Emma did shows his emotional attachment towards her as well as how she was mortifying him even though she was dead. On the other hand, Majed, Zahra’s husband, finds about her past affairs while she was alive. As Majed and Zahra are married, he believes that he must now make love to her in order to make himself happy. When he does make love to her, he sees that while he is penetrating her there is not one drop of blood from Zahra. This vindicates the fact that Zahra is not a virgin. â€Å"Not one drop of blood. I did not ask for a sea of blood, I would have settled for one drop, but could only cry out as if in trance, â€Å"Curse Woman! Daughter of a Cursed Woman†. Unlike Charles, Majed is livid about Zahra’s illicit affairs. He abuses her and even threatens to blackmail her family about the sins she has committed. He believed that since Zahra came from a good family, marrying her will earn him and his family some much needed respect. Instead, the situation has become worse as now people in his community will remember him as the man being married to a woman who was not a virgin at the time of her marriage. We get this impression that Zahra has no value to him. This is because in Muslim culture, a virgin woman is a sign of purity and hence if a man marries such a woman, he is deemed a life of prosperity and happiness. In this case, Malek married a girl who is not free of abstinence before marriage which means that nobody will give him or his wife or their families the same amount of respect had Zahra been a virgin. The contrasting societies in which these two protagonists live are also very important as the adulteries committed have a lasting impression on their respective societies. When Emma is having her affair with Rodolphe, one day he insists that they go horse riding together for her well-being. Emma is not too keen; however due to Charles’ lack of awareness about the situation, he urges her to go with Rodolphe for the sake of her health. â€Å"I really don’t care how it looks! Said Charles, turning on his heel. Health comes first! You’re making a real mistake. † As women were victims of a male dominated society in nineteenth century France, the role they played in society was minimal (being confined to their houses and playing the role of honorable wife and mother). Emma clearly rebelled against these customs and did engage in deeds which were deemed scandalous in those times. However, her adulterous ways had little impact as far as society is concerned. This is because the Bourgeois society was deemed as sham, with little or no morals. It vindicates the fact that no-one in this particular society neither cares what other people do and hence brings a question over their self-dignity as well as the values imposed by society on its people. On the other hand, the society in which Zahra lives is a very conservative one and the impact the adulteries have is a strong one. When having their affair, Zahra and Malek meet in cafe where no one can see them in order to escape glances from people in their society. â€Å"He pays for coffee in that cafe frequented by only those afraid to be seen together in public†. Unlike in Madame Bovary, reputation and dignity in the community plays a very important role in The Story of Zahra. Here, we can see that society considers these people as outcastes, thus making life extremely difficult for them. To conclude, the reactions Emma and Zahra they receive from committing adultery are different and hence those reactions have very different impacts on them and on their respective societies as well. Thus, our attitudes and perception towards adultery vary according to protagonists. Zahra, who sees life in reality, is devastated and shattered once the impact of adultery, strikes her. This is what most people will be able to relate to and thus we have sympathy for her. On the other hand, Emma, who lives her life in fantasy, is unscathed by the impact of adultery and this gives an impression on the readers that she is too self-absorbed to care about others which makes her a very difficult character to like for the readers. Ironically, it is Emma Bovary who is represented as the modern woman, seeking happiness in a male-dominated society through whatever means possible. How to cite Adultery in Madame Bovary vs Story of Zahra, Essay examples

Literary career Essay Example For Students

Literary career Essay Charles Dickens was born near Portsmouth: his father was a clerk in the Navy Pay Office. His father didnt make much money here and the family wasnt coping well. The happiest period of Dickenss troubled childhood was spent in Chatham, although the family moved around a great deal. By early 1824, the family was in financial trouble and the 12-year old Dickens was sent to work for a few months at a shoe-polish warehouse on the banks of the Thames. A few days later, his father was arrested for debt. When his father was released, the family finally had some luck as they were left an inheritance courtesy of a late relative. In 1827, Dickens worked as a junior clerk for a firm of solicitors in Holborn, but he hated the law, and was drawn instead to journalism. He learnt shorthand and began reporting at the Doctors Commons Courts, and in 1831-1832 he was making shorthand reports of Parliamentary debates for the London papers. At this time, Dickens was toying with the idea of an acting career, and he remained fascinated by the theatre throughout his life, often directing and acting in shows to raise money for charitable causes and friends in distress. However, when the Monthly Magazine accepted his story, A Dinner at Poplar Walk (1833), Dickens was diverted into his subsequent literary career. He published a series of sketches of daily life in London in the Evening Chronicle, using the pseudonym Boz, his younger brothers childhood nickname. Through this work, he met his wife, Catherine Hogarth, the daughter of the Evening Chronicles co-editor; they married in 1836. Throughout his life Dickens disliked the law. Since he had experienced both sides of life being rich and poor through different periods of his childhood Dickens was completely against the poor law. Dickens uses the story of Oliver Twist to attack the cruelties of the 1834 reforms to the Poor Law, and to counter the glamorous and falsely attractive depiction of Londons criminal underworld. The novel follows the progress of Oliver, an orphan born in a workhouse, and maltreated by its hypocritical master, Bumble.  When Oliver is born after a while he begins to sneeze as if to announce that he is well and healthy but here Dickens uses humour to notify us of the feelings of the rest of the parish.  Oliver breathed, sneezed and proceeded to advertise to the inmates the fact of a new burden being imposed upon the parish. The fact that Olivers mother was being looked after by a peculiar old nurse who was sitting and drinking instead of helping the young woman.  The nurse interposed hastily depositing in her pocket a green glass bottle, the contents of which she had tasted in the corner with evident satisfaction.  Dickens makes us feel sympathetic towards Oliver in the next paragraph as he writes about the death of his mother.  She imprinted her cold white lips on its forehead; passed her hands over her face; gazed wildly around; shuddered fell back and died. Dickens then shows his anger by predicting Olivers future; it shows that he feels that this is how all poor children are treated not only in the workhouse but throughout the world. He was badged and ticketed and fell into place at once, a parish child, the orphan of the workhouse, the humble, half starved drudge to be cuffed and buffeted through the world despised by all and pitied by none.  Nine years had passed and we read that Oliver Twist is unhealthy and weak.  Twists ninth birthday found him a pale thin child, somewhat diminutive in stature and decidedly small in circumference.  This shows that Oliver has been treated appallingly from the moment he was born up to his ninth birthday. Dickens then uses irony and humour to put forward his point of view as he describes how Oliver is treated on his birthday. .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .postImageUrl , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:hover , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:visited , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:active { border:0!important; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:active , .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u125dd0aa704fe161984e3f3cfee2c01a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Admiration towards forbidden love EssayIt was his ninth birthday and he was spending it with a party of young gentleman who, after participating in a sound thrashing had been locked up for atrociously presuming to be hungry.  Dickens puts his point across in an effective, thought provoking but funny way. It shows that even on his birthday Oliver is beaten, not given any extra food as a treat and locked up in a coal cellar.  Oliver is then sent to the work house yet he had to meet with the board. The boy was frightened and confused. Oliver begins to cry steadily when he reminded that he is an orphan.  You know youve got no mother and father and that you were brought u p by the parish dont you? Dickens shows here that the board didnt care about Oliver and his feelings.  My point is backed up in the next few lines as the gentlemen are confused as to why Oliver is crying.  What are you crying for?  What could the boy be crying for?  Dickens pretty much sums up what he is trying to say about the workhouses in this section. Then the gentleman asks him if hes a good Christian and if he prays at night.  I hope you say your prayers at night; said another gentleman in a gruff voice; and pray for the people who feed you and take care of you- like a good Christian. Dickens uses irony and humour after this is said.  It would have been very much like a Christian, and a marvellously good Christian too, if Oliver had prayed for the people who clothed and fed him. But he hadnt because no one had taught him.  Three months after Oliver is sent to the workhouse it comes to our attention that Oliver and the rest are slowly being starved to the point where they are threatening to eat each other.  Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months: at last they got so voracious and wild with hunger, that one boy hinted darkly to his companions that unless he had another basin of gruel, he was afraid he might some night have to eat the boy who slept next to him. For this reason the boys picked straws to see who would be the one to ask for more food the next evening. Oliver was set this task.  Please sir I want some more.  For this reason Oliver was taken to the board and anybody who would take him away from the parish would receive five pounds in reward.  In chapter four we are introduced to Mr Sowerberry the parish under taker who is having a general conversation with the beadle about business.  The prices allowed by the board are very small.So are the coffins.   Theres no denying that, since the new system of feeding has come in, the coffins are somewhat narrower and shallower than they used to be: but we must have some profit. Here Dickens describes a general conversation between the beadle and the undertaker he uses this conversation effectively as he shows that the children of the parish dying thinner than ever means good news for the business as they make a lot of profit.  Mr Bumble changes the subject to Oliver Twist and Oliver is inevitably apprenticed to the undertaker.  Oliver arrives at the undertakers house with Mr Bumble, Mrs Sowerberry comes to the door and sees Oliver but she is not impressed.  Dear me! Said the undertakers wife, hes very small.  After Oliver finishes his supper he is taken away by Mrs Sowerberry to be shown where he will sleep.  Your beds under the counter. You dont mind sleeping amongst the coffins, I suppose? But it doesnt matter whether you do or you dont, for you cant sleep anywhere else.